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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ruslawonline</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российское право онлайн</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Law Online</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2542-2472</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный юридический университет имени О. Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/2542-2472.2026.37.1.098-108</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ruslawonline-380</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метафизика правового мышления раннего Нового времени: адвокаты в ведовских процессах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Metaphysics of Legal Thought in the Early Modern Period: Lawyers in Witch Trials</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калинина Елена Юрьевна, профессор кафедры теории права и гражданско-правового образования юридического факультета, доктор юридических наук, доцент</p><p>91186, г. Санкт-Петербург, наб. р. Мойки, д. 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Yu. Kalinina, Dr. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor; Professor, Department of Legal Theory and Civil Law Education, Faculty of Law</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bellaflor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный педагогический университет имени А.И. Герцена</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Калинина Е.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калинина Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalinina E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ruslawonline.msal.ru/jour/article/view/380">https://ruslawonline.msal.ru/jour/article/view/380</self-uri><abstract><p>В период с XVI по XVIII в. в Европе наблюдается политико-правовая активность, связанная с юридическим преследованием за совершение такого иррационального преступления, как ведовство. С XVIII в. европейские интеллектуальные элиты пришли к выводу о том, что ведьм никогда не существовало и что предполагаемые совершенные ими преступления — правовая фикция, результат суеверия и народного фанатизма, поддерживаемого безграмотными или злонамеренными судьями. Вопрос, казалось бы, был закрыт, и о судах над ведьмами и колдунами предпочитали стыдливо молчать, в том числе в научных исследованиях. Это стало серьезной ошибкой, поскольку данный социально-культурный феномен, тесно связанный с другими — политическими, экономическими, религиозными, мифологическими, правовыми и т.п. — аспектами, невозможно безболезненно изъять из общей картины становления и развития государства и права. Страхи, суеверия и иные убеждения, даже будучи коллективным воображаемым, служат основой для формирования правосознания, правовой культуры, правовой системы. Следовательно, изучение таких социально-правовых практик позволяет более глубоко исследовать социальную динамику в сфере развития политико-правовых феноменов в Европе раннего Нового времени и «долгого XVIII века» (по неофициальной терминологии, отражающей становление государства современного типа и рационализацию мышления). Научной задачей статьи можно назвать рационализацию подходов к изучению иррациональных практик, выявление более четких границ между научной и лженаучной деятельностью в историко-правовой и исторической науках. Целью исследования является выявление рациональной составляющей правового мышления юристов, принимающих участие в уголовных процессах, в рамках которых рассматривается колдовство, и рациональных оснований самих процессов. Это в дальнейшем станет основой для нахождения прочного фундамента для специалистов в области истории государства и права и сравнительного правоведения. Понимание того, что данные правоприменительные практики не являлись маргинальными, позволит создать научные направления, подобные исследованиям колдовства (witchcraft studies), которые позволили поместить колдовство в более широкий социальный констекст, отделив от простого невежества, недостойного изучения. В рамках такого методологического подхода, как сравнительное правоведение, открываются новые горизонты для исследований в области теории и истории государства и права России, что обусловливает актуальность настоящего исследования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During the period from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, Europe witnessed intense political and legal activity associated with the prosecution of the irrational crime of witchcraft. Beginning in the eighteenth century, European intellectual elites came to the conclusion that witches had never existed and that the alleged crimes attributed to them were a legal fiction, the product of medieval superstition and popular fanaticism, sustained by ignorant or malicious judges. The matter thus seemed closed, and discussions of trials of witches and sorcerers were thereafter often passed over in embarrassed silence, including in scholarly research. This proved to be a serious mistake, since this socio-cultural phenomenon, closely connected with political, economic, religious, mythological, legal, and other dimensions, cannot be removed from the broader picture of the emergence and development of the state and law without distortion. Fears, superstitions, and other beliefs, even as forms of the collective imaginary, serve as a foundation for the formation of legal consciousness, legal culture, and the legal system. Accordingly, the study of such socio-legal practices makes it possible to investigate more deeply the dynamics of political and legal development in early modern Europe and the «long eighteenth century» (in the unofficial terminology reflecting the rise of the modern state and the rationalization of thought). The research task posed by the author may be understood as the rationalization of approaches to the study of irrational practices and the identification of clearer criteria marking the frontier between scientific and pseudoscientific activity in legal-historical and historical scholarship. The purpose of this study is to identify the rational component of the legal thinking of the jurists who took part in such proceedings, as well as the rational foundations of the criminal trials in which witchcraft was adjudicated. In the future, this may serve as a solid foundation for specialists in the history of state and law and in comparative law. Recognition that these law-enforcement practices were not marginal phenomena will make it possible to develop scholarly fields similar to witchcraft studies, which have placed witchcraft in a broader social context, separating it from the notion of mere ignorance unworthy of study. Within the framework of such a methodological approach as comparative law, new horizons open up for research in the theory and history of the state and law of Russia, which determines the relevance of the present study.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ведьмы</kwd><kwd>ведовские процессы</kwd><kwd>защитники ведьм</kwd><kwd>инквизиция</kwd><kwd>обычное право</kwd><kwd>королевское право</kwd><kwd>Средние века</kwd><kwd>раннее Новое время</kwd><kwd>Европа</kwd><kwd>иррациональность</kwd><kwd>правосознание</kwd><kwd>правовая культура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>witches</kwd><kwd>witch trials</kwd><kwd>witch protectors</kwd><kwd>inquisition</kwd><kwd>customary law</kwd><kwd>royal law</kwd><kwd>Middle Ages</kwd><kwd>Early Modern</kwd><kwd>Europe</kwd><kwd>irrationality</kwd><kwd>legal awareness</kwd><kwd>legal culture</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исаев И. 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