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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ruslawonline</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российское право онлайн</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Law Online</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2542-2472</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный юридический университет имени О. Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/2542-2472.2023.27.3.061-074</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ruslawonline-48</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обычай как источник национального права: обзор документов и научных мнений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Custom as a Source of National Law: Review of Documents and Academic Opinions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вылегжанина</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vylegzhanina</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вылегжанина Варвара Александровна, студент</p><p>119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Varvara A. Vylegzhanina, Student</p><p>76, Vernadskogo Prospect, Moscow 119454</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Vylegzanina_V_A@my.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской  Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MGIMO University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вылегжанина В.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вылегжанина В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vylegzhanina V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ruslawonline.msal.ru/jour/article/view/48">https://ruslawonline.msal.ru/jour/article/view/48</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье показано, что, в отличие от закона, обычай в большинстве современных конституций не назван в качестве источника национального права. Тем не менее согласно законам, особенно в сфере гражданского права, роль обычая как источника национального права традиционно поддерживается. В этом контексте в статье анализируется значение используемых в документах и в научно-правовых исследованиях терминов «обычай», «правовой обычай», «обычное право»; рассматривается, почему в одном случае общая практика квалифицируется в качестве обычной нормы национального права, а в другом — нет. Приведены различные определения данных понятий, предложенные правоведами, как отечественными, так и зарубежными. Представлена характеристика природы обычая в правовой системе Российской Федерации, с учетом того, что в ее действующей конституции «обычай» (или «правовой обычай») не назван в числе источников права, но роль обычая в гражданском праве, например, сохраняется. В формате сравнительно-правового анализа изложена роль обычая в ряде стран (при этом в качестве case-law предложена характеристика обычая в праве Великобритании, где обычай издавна признается источником права), при сопоставлении значимости обычных норм в иерархии источников национального права в странах Шанхайской организации содружества. В заключении предложены некоторые теоретические обобщения по данной теме.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper highlights that, unlike the law, custom in most modern constitutions is not named as a source of national law. Nevertheless, according to the laws, especially in the field of civil law, the role of custom as a source of national law is traditionally supported. In this context, the author analyzes the meaning of the terms «custom», «legal custom», «customary law» used in documents and in academic and legal studies. The paper examines why in one case general practice qualifies as a rule of national law, and in another cases this does not take place. The paper gives various definitions of these concepts proposed by legal scholars, both domestic and foreign. The characteristic of the nature of custom in the legal system of the Russian Federation is presented, taking into account the fact that in its current constitution «custom» (or «legal custom») is not named among the sources of law, but the role of custom in civil law, for example, is preserved. In the format of a comparative legal analysis, the author outlines the role of custom in a number of countries (at the same time, a characteristic of custom in the law of Great Britain is proposed as case-law, where custom has long been recognized as a source of law), when comparing the importance of customary norms in the hierarchy of sources of national law in the countries of the Shanghai Commonwealth Organization. In conclusion, the author proposes some theoretical generalizations on this topic.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>источник национального права</kwd><kwd>обычай</kwd><kwd>правовой обычай</kwd><kwd>обычай делового оборота</kwd><kwd>обычное право</kwd><kwd>торговый обычай</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>source of national law</kwd><kwd>custom</kwd><kwd>legal custom</kwd><kwd>business custom</kwd><kwd>customary law</kwd><kwd>trade custom</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев С. С. Право. Азбука. Теория. Философия. Опыт комплексного исследования. — М. : Статут, 1999. — 712 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev SS. The secret of law. Its understanding, purpose, social value. Moscow: Norma Publ.; 2002. 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