Unconditional Basic Income as a Factor in the Social Security Development

The paper analyzes the theory of unconditional basic income. Three main types of models existing in the theory are identified: income based on budget, natural resource rent and insurance. The paper examines the features and problems of applying basic income in practice through the analysis of a social experiment conducted in Finland and positive and negative features of such social reforms, the impact of the process on the fight against bureaucracy. The shortcomings of budgetary and rent systems are considered in more detail. The author analyzes exceptional advantages of the insurance type of unconditional basic income, as well as the main areas of criticism of the concept in Russia — a weak level of economic development, indulgence of dependency and weak experience of positive practices. The paper explains the shortcomings in the frequent arguments against the concept of unconditional basic income. The theory is applicable in practice and is able to achieve its goals without causing negative consequences in the form of social division, dependency or excessive economic burden. The author analyzes the possibilities of the state to influence the process of social reform, which makes it possible to stretch it over time, moving on to the gradual development of the concept in our country. The problems of implementing unconditional basic income in Russia have been identified, as a result of which it is proposed to start the reform with small tariffs and, accordingly, with small amounts of payments. Assumptions are made about the content of the Federal Law «On Unconditional Basic Income» that could regulate these relations. The author convinces of the self-sufficiency of the concept of unconditional basic income, revealing the advantages of the insurance type of basic income. Taking into account social inequality, the reform should begin with a small tariff of 10% of an individual’s income and corresponding monthly payments of 4,000 rubles per person.

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