Evolution of the Institute of Private Prosecution in Russia
https://doi.org/10.17803/2542-2472.2022.21.1.041-052
Abstract
The article is devoted to the historical and legal evolution of the institution of private prosecution in the Russian legal system. The purpose of the study is to trace the development of the human right to protect the individual, his interests in the judicial process in a historical and legal perspective. Judicial reform in Russia has been more than 30 years old, it was announced by the Government of the RSFSR in order to democratize procedural legislation in accordance with the transformations in the country and the need to improve the legal culture of citizens, law and order. Further, the judicial reform was embodied in a system of legal documents for the implementation of the state strategy. The study highlights certain successes in the development of law-making, the peculiarities of the application of criminal procedural norms, which makes it possible to actualize the consideration of the institution of private prosecution in the modern criminal procedural legislation of the Russian Federation, as the development of the adversarial principle and the implementation of the principle of equality of the parties.
The article considers the evolution of the institution of private prosecution in the criminal legislation of the country from the moment of formation in the Old Russian legislation, the development in the court books of 1497, 1550, the Cathedral Code of 1649 and the first Criminal Code of the Russian Empire of 1845. The author identifies four chronological stages in the 20th century: 1917 — 1923; 1923 — 1960; 1960 — 1997 and the modern stage with the adoption of the Criminal Procedure Code in 2001. The historical and legal review made it possible to analyze the evolution of the institution of private prosecution into a separate type of criminal procedural activity for the protection of individual rights and freedoms, the realization of the right to defend their interests in court.
About the Author
S. Dz. Bagdasaryan
International Law Institute
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Susanna Dz. Bagdasaryan, Dr. Sci. (History), Associate Professor; Professor, Department of Theory of Law and State-Legal Disciplines
ul. Kashenkin lug, d. 4, Moscow, 127427
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Review
For citations:
Bagdasaryan S.D. Evolution of the Institute of Private Prosecution in Russia. Russian Law Online. 2022;(1):41-52. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17803/2542-2472.2022.21.1.041-052
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