Legal Mechanisms for Ensuring Climate Security in Russia: Contemporary Challenges and Ways for Improvement

Global climate change represents one of the key threats to ecosystems, economies, and social stability, establishing climate security as a strategic priority for state policy. This issue is especially pertinent for Russia, where the rate of warming significantly exceeds the global average. Permafrost thawing, increasing frequency of forest fires, extreme precipitation events, and other consequences create serious mul tiplicative risks for infrastructure, agriculture, and the energy sector. The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the legal mechanisms for ensuring climate security in Russia and to identify regulatory gaps. The study examines the ecological and legal aspects of climate security within the Russian Federation, ana lyzing both international and national regulatory frameworks. It elaborates on the concept of climate security as a complex interdisciplinary category that integrates ecological, socio-economic, and geopolitical dimensions. Particular attention is given to analyzing the ecological and legal foundations of climate security, including the evolution of international climate law and the gradual development of Russian legis lation in this area. The author systematizes the key principles of ecological and legal regulation of climate security and examines various legal regulatory methods. Both traditional administrative tools (prohibitions and limitations) and contemporary eco nomic incentives, such as carbon taxation and innovative market mechanisms, are considered. The study concludes that a comprehensive systemic approach is neces sary, integrating the aforementioned principles and methods to effectively counteract climate threats and ensure sustainable low-carbon development in Russia amid global climate changes. Finally, specific recommendations are formulated to enhance climate policy, including the phased introduction of a carbon tax, the development of interna tional technological cooperation, and the expansion of public oversight mechanisms.

1. Aleshkova IA. International and domestic principles of climate law. Social Sciences and umani ties: Domestic and Foreign Literature. Series 4: State and Law. 2024;1:44-57. (In Russ.).

2. Bogolyubov SA. Current Issues in Environmental Law. Moscow: Yurait Publ.; 2025. (In Russ.).

3. Mitrova T, Khokhlov A, Melnikov Yu, et al. The Global Climate Threat and the Economy of Rus sia: Exploring a Distinct Path. Moscow: Energy Center of the Moscow School of Management «Skolkovo» Publ.; 2020. (In Russ.).

4. Report on the Characteristics of the Climate in the Territory of the Russian Federation for 2024 (Roshydromet). Moscow; 2025. (In Russ.).

5. Zhavoronkovа NG, Shpakovsky YuG. Ecological and Legal Framework for Climate Security in the Russian Federation. Moscow: Prospekt Publ.; 2022. (In Russ.).

6. Third Assessment Report on Climate Change and Its Impacts in the Russian Federation: Ex ecutive Summary. St. Petersburg: High-Tech Innovations Publ.; 2022. (In Russ.).